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Difference between revisions of "Complex Systems/en"
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After the previous chapters, we should now be able to recognize that, both in modern physics and in biology, a "Complex System" is a multi-component dynamic system composed of different subsystems that typically interact with each other. Such systems are typically studied through "holistic" investigation methodologies or as "total" computation of the | After the previous chapters, we should now be able to recognize that, both in modern physics and in biology, a "Complex System" is a multi-component dynamic system composed of different subsystems that typically interact with each other. Such systems are typically studied through "holistic" investigation methodologies or as "total" computation of the behaviotruurs of the individual subsystems, together with their mutual interactions; these can be described analytically through mathematical models, rather than, in a "reductionist" manner (i.e. by breaking down and analysing the system in its components). Typical of Complex Systems, are the concepts of self-organization and "Emerging Behaviour". | ||
In this chapter we will expose some contents in favour of this more stochastic and complex vision of the neuromotor functions of the masticatory system. | In this chapter we will expose some contents in favour of this more stochastic and complex vision of the neuromotor functions of the masticatory system. | ||
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| LCCN = | | LCCN = | ||
| OCLC = | | OCLC = | ||
}}</ref>. Hence, to describe the impaired function of the hippocampus in a reduced situation or abnorme | }}</ref>. Hence, to describe the impaired function of the hippocampus in a reduced situation or abnorme masticatory function, the authors employed an animal model (mice) called ‘Molarless Senescence-Accelerated Prone’ (SAMP8) in order to make a parallelism on man. In SAMP8 mice, to which the occlusion was modified, increasing the occlusal vertical dimension of about 0.1 mm with dental materials showed that the occlusal disharmony disrupts learning and memory. These animals showed an age-dependent deficit in space learning at Morris’s water. <ref>{{Cite book | ||
| autore = Arakawa Y | | autore = Arakawa Y | ||
| autore2 = Ichihashi Y | | autore2 = Ichihashi Y | ||
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| LCCN = | | LCCN = | ||
| OCLC = | | OCLC = | ||
}}</ref> These changes in the catecolaminergic and serotonergic systems, induced by occlusal disharmonies, clearly affect the innervation of the hippocampus. The conditions of increasing the vertical dimension alter neurogenesis and lead to apoptosis in the ippocampal gyrus by decreasing the expression of the ippocampal brain derived from neurotrophic factors: all this could contribute to the changes in observed learning in animals with occlusal disharmony.<ref name="MFCF" /> | }}</ref> These changes in the catecolaminergic and serotonergic systems, induced by occlusal disharmonies, clearly affect the innervation of the hippocampus. The conditions of increasing the vertical dimension alter neurogenesis and lead to apoptosis in the ippocampal gyrus by decreasing the expression of the ippocampal brain derived from neurotrophic factors: all this could contribute to the changes in observed learning in animals with occlusal disharmony.<ref name="MFCF" /> | ||
===Brainstem and Mastication=== | ===Brainstem and Mastication=== | ||
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| autore6 = Massoth D | | autore6 = Massoth D | ||
| autore7 = LeResche L | | autore7 = LeResche L | ||
| autore8 = Truelove | | autore8 = Truelove Edmond L | ||
| titolo = A randomized clinical trial using research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders-axis II to target clinic cases for a tailored self-care TMD treatment program | | titolo = A randomized clinical trial using research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders-axis II to target clinic cases for a tailored self-care TMD treatment program | ||
| url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11889659/ | | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11889659/ | ||
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| OCLC = | | OCLC = | ||
}}</ref>, Truelove (1992)<ref>{{Cite book | }}</ref>, Truelove (1992)<ref>{{Cite book | ||
| autore = Truelove | | autore = Truelove Edmond L | ||
| autore2 = Sommers EE | | autore2 = Sommers EE | ||
| autore3 = LeResche L | | autore3 = LeResche L | ||