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{{ArtBy|autore=Gianni Frisardi}} | |||
'''Abstract:''' This chapter introduces the concept of "Connectivity" as it pertains to understanding "Complex Systems," with a focus on its relevance across multiple disciplines. Connectivity has evolved in various fields, yet faces ontological and epistemological challenges when applied universally. The chapter outlines key points for understanding complex systems, including defining the fundamental units of connectivity, differentiating structural from functional connectivity, and measuring the emergent behavior of such systems. | |||
The masticatory system, often viewed as a peripheral function limited to chewing and phonetics, is explored here as a complex system influenced by multiple nervous centers. Historically approached through reductionist methods focusing on local maxillary functions, the chapter argues for a more holistic view that considers the system's dynamic interactions with distant central nervous system (CNS) structures. This approach challenges traditional gnathology and highlights the stochastic nature of complex biological systems where emergent behaviors arise from the interaction of various components. | |||
Mastication, long considered an isolated function, is instead framed as a process intricately linked to other bodily systems. Emerging evidence shows that it affects blood perfusion in the trigeminal nucleus and has neurophysiological connections to the vestibular system. Such interactions point to a need for rethinking diagnostic models and adopting interdisciplinary methods that integrate neurophysiological data with dental health, particularly through advanced diagnostic tools like trigeminal evoked potentials. | |||
==Preliminary Consideration== | Ultimately, this chapter sets the stage for understanding mastication not as a purely mechanical function but as part of a broader, indeterministic neural network. The term "Neuro-Gnathological Functions" is introduced, signaling a shift toward a more integrated and functional analysis of the masticatory system. This serves as the basis for further exploration in subsequent chapters, particularly in the neurophysiological and clinical realms. | ||
==Preliminary Consideration to the Complex Systems == | |||
In recent years, parallel developments in different disciplines have focused on what has been called "Connectivity", a concept used to understand and describe the "Complex Systems". The conceptualizations and functionalisations of connectivity have evolved widely within their disciplinary boundaries, but there are clear similarities in this concept and in its application across the disciplines. However, any implementation of the concept of connectivity involves both ontological and epistemological constraints, which lead us to wonder if there is a type or set of connectivity approaches that could be applied to all disciplines. In this review, we explore four ontological and epistemological challenges in using connectivity to understand complex systems from the point of view of very different disciplines. | In recent years, parallel developments in different disciplines have focused on what has been called "Connectivity", a concept used to understand and describe the "Complex Systems". The conceptualizations and functionalisations of connectivity have evolved widely within their disciplinary boundaries, but there are clear similarities in this concept and in its application across the disciplines. However, any implementation of the concept of connectivity involves both ontological and epistemological constraints, which lead us to wonder if there is a type or set of connectivity approaches that could be applied to all disciplines. In this review, we explore four ontological and epistemological challenges in using connectivity to understand complex systems from the point of view of very different disciplines. | ||
In the Chapter 'Connectivity and Complex Systems', we will finally introduce the concept of: | In the Chapter 'Connectivity and Complex Systems', we will finally introduce the concept of: | ||
#defining the fundamental unit for the study of connectivity; | #defining the fundamental unit for the study of connectivity; | ||
#splitting the structural connectivity from functional connectivity; | # splitting the structural connectivity from functional connectivity; | ||
#understanding of emerging behaviour; and | #understanding of emerging behaviour; and | ||
#measuring connectivity. | #measuring connectivity. | ||
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| autore6 = Massoth D | | autore6 = Massoth D | ||
| autore7 = LeResche L | | autore7 = LeResche L | ||
| autore8 = Truelove | | autore8 = Truelove Edmond L | ||
| titolo = A randomized clinical trial using research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders-axis II to target clinic cases for a tailored self-care TMD treatment program | | titolo = A randomized clinical trial using research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders-axis II to target clinic cases for a tailored self-care TMD treatment program | ||
| url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11889659/ | | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11889659/ | ||
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| OCLC = | | OCLC = | ||
}}</ref>, Truelove (1992)<ref>{{Cite book | }}</ref>, Truelove (1992)<ref>{{Cite book | ||
| autore = Truelove | | autore = Truelove Edmond L | ||
| autore2 = Sommers EE | | autore2 = Sommers EE | ||
| autore3 = LeResche L | | autore3 = LeResche L | ||
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We should think of a system that unifies the mastication and neurophysiological functions by introducing a new term: "'''Neuro-Gnathological Functions'''"<br>which will be the object of a dedicated chapter. | We should think of a system that unifies the mastication and neurophysiological functions by introducing a new term: "'''Neuro-Gnathological Functions'''"<br>which will be the object of a dedicated chapter. | ||
{{Bib}} | {{Bib}} | ||