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Gianfranco (talk | contribs)  (Created page with "===3.2. Von Neumann formalism for quantum observables=== In the original quantum formalism (Von Neumann, 1955), physical observable <math>A</math> is represented by a Hermitian operator <math>\hat{A}</math> . We consider only operators with discrete spectra:<math>\hat{A}=\sum_x x\hat{E}^A(x)</math> where <math>\hat{E}^A(x)</math> is the projector onto the subspace of <math display="inline">\mathcal{H}</math>  corresponding to the eigenvalue <math display="inline">x</...")  | 
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| width="33%" |<math display="inline">Pr\{A=x||\rho\}=Tr[\widehat{E}^A(x)\rho]=Tr[\widehat{E}^A(x)\rho\widehat{E}^A(x)]</math>  | | width="33%" |<math display="inline">Pr\{A=x||\rho\}=Tr[\widehat{E}^A(x)\rho]=Tr[\widehat{E}^A(x)\rho\widehat{E}^A(x)].</math>  | ||
| width="33%" align="right" |<math>(5)</math>  | | width="33%" align="right" |<math>(5)</math>  | ||
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