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Conjunto difuso Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \tilde{A}} y función de pertenencia Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mu_{\displaystyle {\tilde {A}}}(x)}

Elegimos, como formalismo, representar un conjunto borroso con la 'tilde': Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \tilde{A}} Un conjunto borroso es un conjunto donde los elementos tienen un 'grado' de pertenencia (de acuerdo con la lógica borrosa): algunos pueden incluirse en el conjunto en 100%, otros en porcentajes menores.

Para representar matemáticamente este grado de pertenencia se encuentra la función Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mu_{\displaystyle {\tilde {A}}}(x)} denominada 'Función de pertenencia'. La función Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mu_{\displaystyle {\tilde {A}}}(x)} es una función continua definida en el intervalo Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle [0;1]} donde es:

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mu_ {\tilde {A}}(x) = 1\rightarrow } si Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x} está totalmente contenido en Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A} (estos puntos se llaman 'núcleo', indican valores predicados plausibles).
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mu_ {\tilde {A}}(x) = 0\rightarrow } si Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x} no está contenido en $A$
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 0<\mu_ {\tilde {A}}(x) < 1 \;\rightarrow } si Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x} está parcialmente contenido en Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A} (estos puntos se llaman 'soporte', indican los posibles valores predicados).

La representación gráfica de la función Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mu_{\displaystyle {\tilde {A}}}(x)} puede ser variado; desde los de líneas lineales (triangulares, trapezoidales) hasta los que tienen forma de campana o 'S' (sigmoidales) como se muestra en la Figura 1, que contiene todo el concepto gráfico de la función de pertenencia....^[1]^[2]

Figure 1: Types of graphs for the membership function.

El conjunto soporte de un conjunto borroso se define como la zona en la que el grado de pertenencia resulta Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 0<\mu_ {\tilde {A}}(x) < 1} ; por su parte, el núcleo se define como el ámbito en el que el grado de pertenencia asume el valor Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mu_ {\tilde {A}}(x) = 1}

El 'Conjunto de soporte' representa los valores del predicado que se consideran posibles, mientras que el 'núcleo' representa los que se consideran más plausibles.

Si Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle {A}} representara un conjunto en el sentido ordinario del término o en la lógica del lenguaje clásico descrita anteriormente, su función de pertenencia podría asumir solo los valores Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 1} o Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 0} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mu_{\displaystyle {{A}}}(x)= 1 \; \lor \;\mu_{\displaystyle {{A}}}(x)= 0} finalizando en si el elemento Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x} pertenece o no al todo, según se considere. La Figura 2 muestra una representación gráfica del concepto nítido (rígidamente definido) o confuso de membresía, que recuerda claramente las consideraciones de Smuts.^[3]

Volvamos al caso concreto de nuestra Mary Poppins, en el que vemos una discrepancia entre las afirmaciones del dentista y del neurólogo y buscamos una comparación entre la lógica clásica y la lógica difusa:

Figure 2: Representation of the comparison between a classical and fuzzy ensemble.

Figura 2: Imaginemos el Universo de la Ciencia Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle U} en el que existen dos mundos o contextos paralelos, el Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle {A}} y el Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \tilde{A}}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle {A}=} En el contexto científico, el llamado ‘crisp’, y lo hemos convertido a la lógica del Lenguaje Clásico, en el que el médico dispone de una información científica absoluta Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle KB} con una clara línea divisoria que hemos denominado Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle KB_c}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \tilde{A}=} En otro contexto científico llamado ‘lógica difusa’, y en el que existe una unión entre el subconjunto Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle {A}} en Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \tilde{A}} que podemos llegar a decir: unión entre Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle KB_c}

Notaremos notablemente las siguientes deducciones:

Lógica Clásica en el Contexto Odontológico Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle {A}} en el que sólo será posible un proceso lógico que dé como resultado Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mu_{\displaystyle {{A}}}(x)= 1 } , o siendo Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mu_{\displaystyle {{A}}}(x)= 0 } el rango de datos Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle D=\{\delta_1,\dots,\delta_4\}} reducido a conocimientos básicos Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle KB} en el conjunto Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle {A}} . Esto quiere decir que fuera del mundo odontológico existe un void y ese término de la teoría de conjuntos se escribe precisamente Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mu_{\displaystyle {{A}}}(x)= 0 } y que es sinónimo de un rango alto de:

«Error de diagnóstico diferencial»

Lógica difusa en un contexto dental Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \tilde{A}} en el que se representan más allá de los conocimientos básicos Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle KB} del contexto dental también aquellos parcialmente adquiridos del mundo neurofisiológico Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 0<\mu_ {\tilde {A}}(x) < 1} tendrán la prerrogativa de devolver un resultado Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mu_\tilde{A}(x)= 1 } y un resultado Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 0<\mu_ {\tilde {A}}(x) < 1} debido a conocimientos básicos Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle KB} que en este punto está representado por la unión de Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle KB_c} contextos dentales y neurológicos. El resultado de esta implementación científico-clínica de la odontología permitiría una
«Reducción del error de diagnóstico diferencial»

↑ Zhang W, Yang J, Fang Y, Chen H, Mao Y, Kumar M, «Analytical fuzzy approach to biological data analysis», in Saudi J Biol Sci, 2017».
PMID:28386181 - PMCID:PMC5372457
DOI:10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.027
↑ Lazar P, Jayapathy R, Torrents-Barrena J, Mol B, Mohanalin, Puig D, «Fuzzy-entropy threshold based on a complex wavelet denoising technique to diagnose Alzheimer disease», in Healthc Technol Lett, The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2016».
PMID:30800318 - PMCID:PMC6371778
DOI:10.1049/htl.2016.0022
↑ •SMUTS J.C. 1926, Holism and Evolution, London: Macmillan.

[1] Zhang W, Yang J, Fang Y, Chen H, Mao Y, Kumar M, «Analytical fuzzy approach to biological data analysis», in Saudi J Biol Sci, 2017».
PMID:28386181 - PMCID:PMC5372457
DOI:10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.027

[2] Lazar P, Jayapathy R, Torrents-Barrena J, Mol B, Mohanalin, Puig D, «Fuzzy-entropy threshold based on a complex wavelet denoising technique to diagnose Alzheimer disease», in Healthc Technol Lett, The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2016».
PMID:30800318 - PMCID:PMC6371778
DOI:10.1049/htl.2016.0022

[:0-3] •SMUTS J.C. 1926, Holism and Evolution, London: Macmillan.

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