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Molare laterotrusivo
Il testo descrive un'analisi dettagliata dei movimenti articolari del molare ipsilaterale al condilo laterotrusivo (Figura 3 e tabella 2)e coinvolge vari punti nello spazio 2D per calcolare distanze e angoli utilizzando la trigonometria vettoriale.
| Tabella 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Point | Distance
(pixels) |
Distance
(mm) |
Direzione in X
(antero-posteriore) |
Direzione in Y
(latero-mediale) |
| 2 | 8.74 | 0.874 mm | Indietro | Laterale |
| 3 | 54.42 | 5.442 mm | Indietro | Laterale |
| 4 | 84.64 | 8.464 mm | Indietro | Laterale |
| 5 | 134.48 | 13.448 mm | Indietro | Laterale |
| 6 | 160.59 | 16.059 mm | Indietro | Laterale |
| 7* | 91.99 | 9.199 mm | Indietro | Laterale |
| 8 | 27.65 | 2.77 mm | Indietro | Laterale |
| Rappresentazione delle distanze e dell'angolo formato tra i puntimarcati nel ciclo masticatorio riferiti al punto 1 di massima intercuspidazione. IL punto 7* è il punto considerato per lo specifico calcolo del molare laterotrusivo | ||||
Il formalismo matematico 
Nel contesto della nostra analisi, abbiamo tre punti nello spazio 2D che ci interessano: Coordinate Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P1_{m}}
del punto 1 del molare ipsilaterale al condilo latorotrusivo:Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (345.2, -844.5) }
*Coordinate Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P7_{m}}
del punto 7 del molare ipsilaterale al condilo latorotrusivo: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (255.7, -816) }
*Coordinate Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle H3 _{m}}
del punto di riferimento del condilo mediotrusivo: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (347.7, -682.7)}
Questi punti rappresentano tre posizioni specifiche all'interno di un sistema articolare che stiamo studiando, con l'obiettivo di calcolare l'angolo tra il segmento che unisce i punti Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P1_{m}}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P7_{m}}
, e il segmento che unisce i punti Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P1_{m}}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle H3 _{m}}
. Questo tipo di analisi è comune nella modellazione di movimenti articolari per comprendere come si muovono i segmenti di un sistema rispetto a un punto di riferimento, come nel caso di un sistema masticatorio.Iter matematico per il calcolo dell'angolo L'angolo tra due segmenti può essere calcolato utilizzando la **trigonometria vettoriale** e, in particolare, il **prodotto scalare**. Questo metodo è utile quando vogliamo determinare la relazione angolare tra due movimenti distinti nello spazio. Definizione dei vettori *Il vettore tra il punto Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P1_{m}}
e il punto Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P7_{m}}
: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vec{AB} = P7_{m} -P1_{m} = (255.7, -816) - (345.2, -844.5) = (-89.5, 28.5)}
*Il vettore tra il punto Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P1_{m}}
e il punto Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle H3 _{m}}
: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vec{AC} = \vec{H_3} - \vec{P_1} = (347.7, -682.7) - (345.2, -844.5) = (2.5, 161.8)}
Innanzitutto, dobbiamo calcolare i vettori che rappresentano i segmenti tra i punti: Prodotto scalareSostituendo i valori calcolati: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vec{AB} \cdot \vec{AC} = (-89.5) \cdot (2.5) + (28.5) \cdot (161.8) = -223.75 + 4601.3 = 4377.55}
Il **prodotto scalare** tra due vettori Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vec{AB}}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vec{AC }}
è dato dalla formula: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vec{AB} \cdot \vec{AC} = AB_x \cdot AC_x + AB_y \cdot AC_y}
Calcolo delle norme Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle |\vec{AB}| = \sqrt{AB_x^2 + AB_y^2} = \sqrt{(-89.5)^2 + (28.5)^2} = \sqrt{8010.25 + 812.25} = \sqrt{8822.5} \approx 93.96}
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle |\vec{AC}| = \sqrt{AC_x^2 + AC_y^2} = \sqrt{(2.5)^2 + (161.8)^2} = \sqrt{6.25 + 26178.44} = \sqrt{26184.69} \approx 161.78}
. Le norme (lunghezze) dei due vettori sono calcolate con la formula della lunghezza del vettore Calcolo dell'angoloFailed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \cos(\theta) = \frac{\vec{AB} \cdot \vec{AC}}{|\vec{AB}| \cdot |\vec{AC}|}}
Sostituendo i valori: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \cos(\theta) = \frac{4377.55}{93.96 \cdot 161.78} = \frac{4377.55}{15193.68} \approx 0.288}
Ora possiamo usare la formula per il coseno dell'angolo tra i due vettori: Infine, l'angolo Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \theta}
è calcolato tramite la funzione arcoseno: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \theta = \arccos(0.288) \approx 73.32^\circ}
Motivo dell'analisi L'obiettivo dell'analisi è determinare l'angolo tra due movimenti all'interno di un sistema articolare, in particolare nell'area di studio della cinematica masticatoria. può essere riassunto come segue:
Distanze calcolate tra i punti
Tabella delle distanze: Viene fornita una tabella che mostra la distanza tra vari punti, espressa in pixel e convertita in millimetri, con indicazione della direzione sia in senso antero-posteriore (Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle X} ) che latero-mediale (Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle Y} ). Tutti i movimenti del molare sono stati riportati come "Indietro" e "Laterale".
Analisi matematica dei punti
- Punti coinvolti:
- Il punto 1 (Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P_1} ) del molare ipsilaterale al condilo laterotrusivo si trova a coordinate (Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 345.2,-844.5} ).
- Il punto 7 (Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P_7} ) dello stesso molare si trova a (Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 255.7,-816} ).
- Il punto di riferimento Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R_p} del condilo mediotrusivo si trova a (Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 347.7,-682.7} ).
Obiettivo: L'analisi si propone di calcolare l'angolo tra il segmento che collega i punti Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P_1} e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P_7} e il segmento che collega i puntiFailed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P_1} e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R_p} .
Calcolo dei vettori:Sono stati definiti due vettori, uno tra i puntiFailed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P_1} e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P_7} e uno tra i punti Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P_1} eFailed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R_p} .
Prodotto scalare: Utilizzando il prodotto scalare tra i vettori, si è ottenuto un valore di Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 4377.55.}
Calcolo delle norme: Le lunghezze dei vettori risultano essere circa Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 93.96 } per Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vec{AB}} e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 161.78 } per Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vec{AC}} .
Angolo: Il coseno dell'angolo è stato calcolato come Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 0.288 } , con l'angolo risultante approssimativamente pari a Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 73.32^\circ} .