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Difference between revisions of "The logic of probabilistic language"
The logic of probabilistic language (view source)
Revision as of 02:55, 17 October 2022
, 2 years ago→Third Clinical Approach
(Created page with "{{Bookind2}} <languages /> alt=|left|250x250px <translate><!--T:1--> In this chapter, we will discuss the logic of language coupled with mathematical probability</translate>. <translate><!--T:2--> We have seen that classical logic alone is insufficient to determine accurate diagnoses</translate>; <translate><!--T:3--> hence, a conceptual and formal overview is given on why probability can be ver...") |
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[[File:Spasmo_emimasticatorio_JJ.jpg|alt=|left|250x250px]] | [[File:Spasmo_emimasticatorio_JJ.jpg|alt=|left|250x250px]] | ||
<translate><!--T:1--> In this chapter, we will discuss the logic of language coupled with mathematical probability</translate>. <translate><!--T:2--> We have seen that [[The logic of classical language|classical logic]] alone is insufficient to determine accurate diagnoses</translate>; <translate><!--T:3--> hence, a conceptual and formal overview is given on why probability can be very useful</translate>. <translate><!--T:4--> Providing illustrations of instances of clinical cases, we will see how the logic of probabilistic language is able to provide us a differential diagnosis in a ‘good enough’ way</translate>. | <translate><!--T:1--> In this chapter, we will discuss the logic of language coupled with mathematical probability</translate>. <translate><!--T:2--> We have seen that [[The logic of classical language|classical logic]] alone is insufficient to determine accurate diagnoses</translate>; <translate><!--T:3--> hence, a conceptual and formal overview is given on why probability can be very useful</translate>. <translate><!--T:4--> Providing illustrations of instances of clinical cases, we will see how the logic of probabilistic language is able to provide us a differential diagnosis in a ‘good enough’ way</translate>. | ||
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| autore3 = Flavio Frisardi | | autore3 = Flavio Frisardi | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Bookind2}} | |||
==<translate><!--T:6--> Probabilistic language logic in medicine</translate>== | ==<translate><!--T:6--> Probabilistic language logic in medicine</translate>== | ||
<translate><!--T:7--> | <translate><!--T:7--> every scientific idea (whether in medicine, architecture, engineering, chemistry, or any other subject), when put into practice, is subject to small errors and uncertainties</translate>. <translate><!--T:8--> Mathematics - through probability theory and statistical inference - helps to precisely control and thereby contain these uncertainties</translate>. <translate><!--T:9--> It always has to be considered that in all practical cases "the outcomes also depend on many other factors external to the theory", whether they be initial and environmental conditions, experimental errors, or something else</translate>. | ||
<translate><!--T:10--> All the uncertainties about these factors make the theory–observation relationship a probabilistic one</translate>. <translate><!--T:11--> In the medical approach, there are two types of uncertainty that weigh the most on diagnoses: subjective uncertainty and casuality</translate>.<ref>{{Cite book | <translate><!--T:10--> All the uncertainties about these factors make the theory–observation relationship a probabilistic one</translate>. <translate><!--T:11--> In the medical approach, there are two types of uncertainty that weigh the most on diagnoses: subjective uncertainty and casuality</translate>.<ref>{{Cite book | ||
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:*<math>cr>0</math> <translate><!--T:77--> indicating that the cause of orofacial pain is more likely to be bone degeneration of the TMJ</translate>, | :*<math>cr>0</math> <translate><!--T:77--> indicating that the cause of orofacial pain is more likely to be bone degeneration of the TMJ</translate>, | ||
:*<math>cr<0</math> <translate><!--T:78--> which indicates that the cause of orofacial pain is more likely not bone degeneration of the TMJ</translate>. | :*<math>cr<0</math> <translate><!--T:78--> which indicates that the cause of orofacial pain is more likely not bone degeneration of the TMJ</translate>. | ||
<center> | <center> | ||
===<translate><!--T:79--> Second Clinical Approach</translate>=== | ===<translate><!--T:79--> Second Clinical Approach</translate>=== | ||
''(<translate><!--T:80--> hover over the images</translate>)'' | ''(<translate><!--T:80--> hover over the images</translate>)'' | ||
<gallery | |||
<gallery widths="350" heights="282" perrow="2" mode="slideshow"> | |||
File:Spasmo emimasticatorio.jpg|'''<translate><!--T:81--> Figure</translate> 1:''' <translate><!--T:82--> Patient reporting "Orofacial pain in the right hemilateral"</translate> | File:Spasmo emimasticatorio.jpg|'''<translate><!--T:81--> Figure</translate> 1:''' <translate><!--T:82--> Patient reporting "Orofacial pain in the right hemilateral"</translate> | ||
File:Spasmo emimasticatorio ATM.jpg|'''<translate><!--T:83--> Figure</translate> 2:''' <translate><!--T:84--> Patient's TMJ Stratigraphy showing signs of condylar flattening and osteophyte</translate> | File:Spasmo emimasticatorio ATM.jpg|'''<translate><!--T:83--> Figure</translate> 2:''' <translate><!--T:84--> Patient's TMJ Stratigraphy showing signs of condylar flattening and osteophyte</translate> | ||
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File:EMG2.jpg|'''<translate><!--T:89--> Figure</translate> 5:''' <translate><!--T:90--> EMG Interferential Pattern. Overlapping upper traces corresponding to the right masseter, lower to the left masseter</translate>. | File:EMG2.jpg|'''<translate><!--T:89--> Figure</translate> 5:''' <translate><!--T:90--> EMG Interferential Pattern. Overlapping upper traces corresponding to the right masseter, lower to the left masseter</translate>. | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
</center> | |||
<br /><translate><!--T:91--> So be it then <math>P(D)</math> the probability of finding, in the sample of our <math>n</math> people, individuals who present the elements belonging to the aforementioned set <math>D=\{\delta_1,\delta_2,...,\delta_n\}</math></translate> | <br /><translate><!--T:91--> So be it then <math>P(D)</math> the probability of finding, in the sample of our <math>n</math> people, individuals who present the elements belonging to the aforementioned set <math>D=\{\delta_1,\delta_2,...,\delta_n\}</math></translate> | ||
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===<translate><!--T:155--> Third Clinical Approach</translate>=== | ===<translate><!--T:155--> Third Clinical Approach</translate>=== | ||
''(<translate><!--T:156--> hover over the images</translate>)'' | ''(<translate><!--T:156--> hover over the images</translate>)'' | ||
< | <center> | ||
<gallery widths="350" heights="282" perrow="2" mode="slideshow"> | |||
File:Spasmo emimasticatorio.jpg|'''<translate><!--T:157--> Figure</translate> 1:''' <translate><!--T:158--> Patient reporting "Orofacial pain in the right hemilateral)</translate> | File:Spasmo emimasticatorio.jpg|'''<translate><!--T:157--> Figure</translate> 1:''' <translate><!--T:158--> Patient reporting "Orofacial pain in the right hemilateral)</translate> | ||
File:Spasmo emimasticatorio ATM.jpg|'''<translate><!--T:159--> Figure</translate> 2:''' <translate><!--T:160--> Patient's TMJ Stratigraphy showing signs of condylar flattening and osteophyte</translate> | File:Spasmo emimasticatorio ATM.jpg|'''<translate><!--T:159--> Figure</translate> 2:''' <translate><!--T:160--> Patient's TMJ Stratigraphy showing signs of condylar flattening and osteophyte</translate> | ||
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File:Spasmo emimasticatorio TC.jpg|'''<translate><!--T:171--> Figure</translate> 8:''' <translate><!--T:172--> Axial CT of the facial massif in which there is a marked hypertrophy of the right masseter</translate> | File:Spasmo emimasticatorio TC.jpg|'''<translate><!--T:171--> Figure</translate> 8:''' <translate><!--T:172--> Axial CT of the facial massif in which there is a marked hypertrophy of the right masseter</translate> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
</center> | |||
</center> | |||