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19:14, 2 November 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Introduction - es (Created page with " Nos gustaría que nuestro lector tuviera una percepción inmediata de los temas que se debatirán en Masticationpedia; repasaremos algunos de los temas más actuales en torno a la evolución epistemológica de la ciencia en general, y de la medicina y de la odontología en particular... {{Transl}} left|300px En esta fase consideraremos los dos aspectos fundamentales del Progreso de la Ciencia, según los...")
19:14, 2 November 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Introduction - de (Created page with " Wir möchten, dass unsere Leser eine unmittelbare Wahrnehmung der Themen haben, die in Masticationpedia diskutiert werden; Wir werden einige der aktuellsten Fragen zur erkenntnistheoretischen Entwicklung der Wissenschaft im Allgemeinen und der Medizin sowie der Zahnmedizin im Besonderen besprechen ... {{Transl}} left|300px In dieser Phase werden wir die beiden grundlegenden Aspekte des Fortschritts der W...")
19:13, 2 November 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Introduction - fr (Created page with " Nous aimerions que notre lecteur ait une perception immédiate des sujets qui seront débattus dans Masticationpedia ; nous passerons en revue quelques-unes des questions les plus actuelles concernant l'évolution épistémologique de la science en général, et de la médecine ainsi que de la médecine dentaire en particulier... {{Transl}} left|300px Dans cette phase nous considérerons les deux aspects...")
20:27, 1 November 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Logic of medical language: Introduction to quantum-like probability in the masticatory system - en (Created page with "{{transl}} '''Figura 3''': La struttura dell'apparato sperimentale. Apparentemente, il gatto può essere contemporaneamente vivo e morto. |link=https://cantiere.masticationpedia.org//index.php/File:Schrodingers_cat.svg|alt=|left|frameless Sometimes we think: 'Can the profound reality of a system state be reduced only to a macroscopic observation (Observable) if such complex system is a set of mixed states? Furthermore, the sharing of an...")
18:16, 1 November 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Conclusions on the status quo in the logic of medical language regarding the masticatory system - it (Created page with " left|thumb The model presented here above, of course, is remarkably complex because in this context only the conceptual procedure to follow has been presented: we will see later in the course of reading that everything will materialize in interesting modeling of the trigeminal electrophysiological responses from which a clinical mesoscopic model will be created, of which we can already anticipate the name: '''Index <math>\Psi</math>'''....")
17:13, 1 November 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Logic of medical language: Introduction to quantum-like probability in the masticatory system - it (Created page with "{{transl}} '''Figura 3''': La struttura dell'apparato sperimentale. Apparentemente, il gatto può essere contemporaneamente vivo e morto. |link=https://cantiere.masticationpedia.org//index.php/File:Schrodingers_cat.svg|alt=|left|frameless A volte pensiamo: 'La realtà profonda di uno 'Stato di sistema' può essere ridotta solo a un'osservazione macroscopica che da ora chiameremo 'Osservabile' se un sistema così complesso è un insieme...")
12:40, 1 November 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Introduction - it (Created page with " ''Vorremmo che il lettore avesse immediata percezione degli argomenti che verranno trattati in '''Masticationpedia''', passando in rassegna alcuni dei temi più attuali che riguardano l'evoluzione epistemologica della Scienza in generale, quella medica ed odontoiatrica in particolare...'' {{Transl}} left|300px In questa fase prenderemo in considerazione i due aspetti fondamentali del '''Progresso del...")
12:38, 1 November 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Introduction - en (Created page with " We would like our reader to have an immediate perception of the topics that will be debated in '''Masticationpedia'''; we will review some of the most current issues concerning the epistemological evolution of science in general, and medical as well as dental medicine in particular... {{Transl}} left|300px In this phase we will consider the two fundamental aspects of '''Progress of Science''', accord...")
12:10, 1 November 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Logic of medical language: Introduction to quantum-like probability in the masticatory sys it (Created page with "{{transl}} '''Figura 3''': La struttura dell'apparato sperimentale. Apparentemente, il gatto può essere contemporaneamente vivo e morto. |link=https://cantiere.masticationpedia.org//index.php/File:Schrodingers_cat.svg|alt=|left|frameless Sometimes we think: 'Can the profound reality of a system state be reduced only to a macroscopic observation (Observable) if such complex system is a set of mixed states? Furthermore, the sharing of an...")
11:14, 1 November 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Complex Systems - it (Created page with "{{transl}} left|400px After the previous chapters, we should now be able to recognize that, both in modern physics and in biology, a "Complex System" is a multi-component dynamic system composed of different subsystems that typically interact with each other. Such systems are typically studied through "holistic" investigation methodologies or as "total" computation of the behaviours of the individual subsystems, together with their mutual interactions...")
17:40, 30 October 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page System logic - it (Created page with "{{transl}} Motor Evoked Potential of the ipsilateral Trigeminal Root |alt=|thumb|250px|left This chapter closes the loop of the 'Logic of medical language' to introduce a diagnostic model in the field of masticatory functions that combines the conceptuality of system logic with quantum mechanics. The statistical mathematical models of a system logic, therefore, cannot be subjective, nor approximate, much less vagu...")
13:05, 30 October 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Store:FLit06 (Created page with "==Final considerations== Topics that could distract the reader’s attention were, in fact, essential for demonstrating the message. Normally, indeed, when any more or less brilliant mind allows itself to throw a stone into the pond of Science, a shockwave is generated, typical of the period of Kuhn’s extraordinary science, against which most of the members of the international scientific community row. With good faith, we can say that this phenomenon—as regards the...")
13:04, 30 October 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Store:FLit05 (Created page with "==Fuzzy set <math>\tilde{A}</math> and membership function <math>\mu_{\displaystyle {\tilde {A}}}(x)</math>== We choose - as a formalism - to represent a fuzzy set with the 'tilde':<math>\tilde{A}</math>. A fuzzy set is a set where the elements have a 'degree' of belonging (consistent with fuzzy logic): some can be included in the set at 100%, others in lower percentages. To mathematically represent this degree of belonging is the function <math>\mu_{\displaystyle {\til...")
13:04, 30 October 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Store:FLit04 (Created page with "===Set operators=== Given the whole universe <math>U</math> we indicate with <math>x</math> its generic element so that <math>x \in U</math>; then, we consider two subsets <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> internal to <math>U</math> so that <math>A \subset U</math> and <math>B \subset U</math> {| |left|80px |'''Union:''' represented by the symbol <math>\cup</math>, indicates the union of the two sets <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> <math>(A\cup B...")
13:03, 30 October 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Store:FLit03 (Created page with "==Set theory== As mentioned in the previous chapter, the basic concept of fuzzy logic is that of multivalence, i.e., in terms of set theory, of the possibility that an object can belong to a set even partially and, therefore, also to several sets with different degrees. Let us recall from the beginning the basic elements of the theory of ordinary sets. As will be seen, in them appear the formal expressions of the principles of Aristotelian logic, recalled in the previous...")
13:02, 30 October 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Store:FLit02 (Created page with "==Fuzzy truth== In the ambitious attempt to mathematically translate human rationality, it was thought in the mid-twentieth century to expand the concept of classical logic by formulating fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic concerns the properties that we could call ‘graduality’, i.e., which can be attributed to an object with different degrees. Examples are the properties ‘being sick’, ‘having pain’, ‘being tall’, ‘being young’, and so on. Mathematically, fuzz...")
12:56, 30 October 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Store:FLit01 (Created page with "==Introduction== We have come this far because, as colleagues, are very often faced with responsibilities and decisions that are very difficult to take and issues such as conscience, intelligence and humility come into play. In such a situation, however, we are faced with two equally difficult obstacles to manage that of one <math>KB</math> (Knowledge Basis), as we discussed in the chapter ‘Logic of probabilistic language’, lim...")
12:52, 30 October 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page Fuzzy logic language - it (Created page with "{{transl}} left|thumb|275x275px In this chapter, we will discuss '''fuzzy logic'''. It is called ''fuzzy'' because it is characterized by a gradualness: an object can be attributed a quality that can have ''various degrees of truth''. In the first part of this chapter, the meaning of graded truth will be conceptually discussed, while in the second part, we will delve into the mathematical formalism by introducing the membership function <math>\mu_...")
09:47, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Template:TN/de (Created page with "Die Übersetzung dieser Seite ist noch nicht vollständig; schlagen Sie Ihre eigene Übersetzung auf der [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|Diskussionsseite]] vor.")
09:46, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Template:TN/es (Created page with "La traducción de esta página aún no está completa; proponga su propia traducción en la [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|página de discusión]].")
09:46, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Template:TN/fr (Created page with "La traduction de cette page n'est pas encore complète ; proposez votre propre traduction sur la [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|page de discussion]].")
09:45, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Template:TN/it (Created page with "La traduzione di questa pagina non è ancora completa; proponi la tua traduzione nella [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|pagina di discussione]].")
09:37, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLes05 (Created page with "==Final considerations== We took a long and tortuous path to better understand the complexity encountered by the colleague struggling with the very heavy ethical responsibility of making a diagnosis. However, this task becomes even more complex when we need to be detailed and careful in making a differential diagnosis. Here, we enter a delicate topic, that is connected with the epistemological contents and that first of all was reported in the "Introduction". We are...")
09:37, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLde05 (Created page with "==Final considerations== We took a long and tortuous path to better understand the complexity encountered by the colleague struggling with the very heavy ethical responsibility of making a diagnosis. However, this task becomes even more complex when we need to be detailed and careful in making a differential diagnosis. Here, we enter a delicate topic, that is connected with the epistemological contents and that first of all was reported in the "Introduction". We are...")
09:37, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLit05 (Created page with "==Final considerations== We took a long and tortuous path to better understand the complexity encountered by the colleague struggling with the very heavy ethical responsibility of making a diagnosis. However, this task becomes even more complex when we need to be detailed and careful in making a differential diagnosis. Here, we enter a delicate topic, that is connected with the epistemological contents and that first of all was reported in the "Introduction". We are...")
09:36, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLes04 (Created page with "==Probabilistic-causal analysis== From these premises it is clear that the clinical diagnosis is made using the so-called hypothetical-deductive method referred to as DN<ref name=":1">{{Cite book | autore = Sarkar S | titolo = Nagel on Reduction | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26386529/ | volume = | opera = Stud Hist Philos Sci | anno = 2015 | editore = | città = | ISBN = | PMID = 26386529 | PMCID = | DOI = 10.1016/j.shpsa.2015.05.006 | oaf...")
09:36, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLde04 (Created page with "==Probabilistic-causal analysis== From these premises it is clear that the clinical diagnosis is made using the so-called hypothetical-deductive method referred to as DN<ref name=":1">{{Cite book | autore = Sarkar S | titolo = Nagel on Reduction | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26386529/ | volume = | opera = Stud Hist Philos Sci | anno = 2015 | editore = | città = | ISBN = | PMID = 26386529 | PMCID = | DOI = 10.1016/j.shpsa.2015.05.006 | oaf...")
09:36, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLfr04 (Created page with "==Probabilistic-causal analysis== From these premises it is clear that the clinical diagnosis is made using the so-called hypothetical-deductive method referred to as DN<ref name=":1">{{Cite book | autore = Sarkar S | titolo = Nagel on Reduction | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26386529/ | volume = | opera = Stud Hist Philos Sci | anno = 2015 | editore = | città = | ISBN = | PMID = 26386529 | PMCID = | DOI = 10.1016/j.shpsa.2015.05.006 | oaf...")
09:36, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLit04 (Created page with "==Probabilistic-causal analysis== From these premises it is clear that the clinical diagnosis is made using the so-called hypothetical-deductive method referred to as DN<ref name=":1">{{Cite book | autore = Sarkar S | titolo = Nagel on Reduction | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26386529/ | volume = | opera = Stud Hist Philos Sci | anno = 2015 | editore = | città = | ISBN = | PMID = 26386529 | PMCID = | DOI = 10.1016/j.shpsa.2015.05.006 | oaf...")
09:35, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLes03 (Created page with "==Subjective and objective probability== In this chapter, some topics already treated in the fantastic book by Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh<ref>{{cita libro |autore=Sadegh-Zadeh Kazem |titolo=Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-007-2260-6 |volume= |opera= |anno=2012 |editore=Springer |città=Dordrecht |ISBN=978-94-007-2259-0 |LCCN= |DOI=10.1007/978-94-007-2260-6 |OCLC= }}.</ref>, who tackles the problem of the logic of me...")
09:35, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLde03 (Created page with "==Subjective and objective probability== In this chapter, some topics already treated in the fantastic book by Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh<ref>{{cita libro |autore=Sadegh-Zadeh Kazem |titolo=Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-007-2260-6 |volume= |opera= |anno=2012 |editore=Springer |città=Dordrecht |ISBN=978-94-007-2259-0 |LCCN= |DOI=10.1007/978-94-007-2260-6 |OCLC= }}.</ref>, who tackles the problem of the logic of me...")
09:35, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLfr03 (Created page with "==Subjective and objective probability== In this chapter, some topics already treated in the fantastic book by Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh<ref>{{cita libro |autore=Sadegh-Zadeh Kazem |titolo=Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-007-2260-6 |volume= |opera= |anno=2012 |editore=Springer |città=Dordrecht |ISBN=978-94-007-2259-0 |LCCN= |DOI=10.1007/978-94-007-2260-6 |OCLC= }}.</ref>, who tackles the problem of the logic of me...")
09:34, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLit03 (Created page with "==Subjective and objective probability== In this chapter, some topics already treated in the fantastic book by Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh<ref>{{cita libro |autore=Sadegh-Zadeh Kazem |titolo=Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-007-2260-6 |volume= |opera= |anno=2012 |editore=Springer |città=Dordrecht |ISBN=978-94-007-2259-0 |LCCN= |DOI=10.1007/978-94-007-2260-6 |OCLC= }}.</ref>, who tackles the problem of the logic of me...")
09:34, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLes02 (Created page with "==Subjective uncertainty and casualità== Let us imagine asking Mary Poppins which of the two medical colleagues — the dentist or the neurologist — is right. The question would create a kind of agitation based on inner uncertainty; therefore, the notions of certainty and uncertainty refer to subjective epistemic states of human beings and not to states of the external world, because there is no certainty or uncertainty in that world. In this sense, as we have mentio...")
09:34, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLde02 (Created page with "==Subjective uncertainty and casualità== Let us imagine asking Mary Poppins which of the two medical colleagues — the dentist or the neurologist — is right. The question would create a kind of agitation based on inner uncertainty; therefore, the notions of certainty and uncertainty refer to subjective epistemic states of human beings and not to states of the external world, because there is no certainty or uncertainty in that world. In this sense, as we have mentio...")
09:33, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLfr02 (Created page with "==Subjective uncertainty and casualità== Let us imagine asking Mary Poppins which of the two medical colleagues — the dentist or the neurologist — is right. The question would create a kind of agitation based on inner uncertainty; therefore, the notions of certainty and uncertainty refer to subjective epistemic states of human beings and not to states of the external world, because there is no certainty or uncertainty in that world. In this sense, as we have mentio...")
09:33, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLit02 (Created page with "==Subjective uncertainty and casualità== Let us imagine asking Mary Poppins which of the two medical colleagues — the dentist or the neurologist — is right. The question would create a kind of agitation based on inner uncertainty; therefore, the notions of certainty and uncertainty refer to subjective epistemic states of human beings and not to states of the external world, because there is no certainty or uncertainty in that world. In this sense, as we have mentio...")
09:32, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLes01 (Created page with "==Probabilistic language logic in medicine== Every scientific idea (whether in medicine, architecture, engineering, chemistry, or any other subject), when put into practice, is subject to small errors and uncertainties. Mathematics - through probability theory and statistical inference - helps to precisely control and thereby contain these uncertainties. It always has to be considered that in all practical cases "the outcomes also depend on many other factors external t...")
09:32, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLde01 (Created page with "==Probabilistic language logic in medicine== Every scientific idea (whether in medicine, architecture, engineering, chemistry, or any other subject), when put into practice, is subject to small errors and uncertainties. Mathematics - through probability theory and statistical inference - helps to precisely control and thereby contain these uncertainties. It always has to be considered that in all practical cases "the outcomes also depend on many other factors external t...")
09:32, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLfr01 (Created page with "==Probabilistic language logic in medicine== Every scientific idea (whether in medicine, architecture, engineering, chemistry, or any other subject), when put into practice, is subject to small errors and uncertainties. Mathematics - through probability theory and statistical inference - helps to precisely control and thereby contain these uncertainties. It always has to be considered that in all practical cases "the outcomes also depend on many other factors external t...")
09:31, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLit01 (Created page with "==Probabilistic language logic in medicine== Every scientific idea (whether in medicine, architecture, engineering, chemistry, or any other subject), when put into practice, is subject to small errors and uncertainties. Mathematics - through probability theory and statistical inference - helps to precisely control and thereby contain these uncertainties. It always has to be considered that in all practical cases "the outcomes also depend on many other factors external t...")
17:37, 29 October 2022 Gianni talk contribs created page The logic of probabilistic language - it (Created page with "{{transl}} alt=|left|250x250px In this chapter, we will discuss the logic of language coupled with mathematical probability. We have seen that classical logic alone is insufficient to determine accurate diagnoses; hence, a conceptual and formal overview is given on why probability can be very useful. Providing illustrations of instances of clinical cases, we will see how the logic of probabilis...")
08:02, 21 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Conclusions on the status quo in the logic of medical language regarding the masticatory system - en (Created page with "{{transl}} left|250px The model presented here above, of course, is remarkably complex because in this context only the conceptual procedure to follow has been presented: we will see later in the course of reading that everything will materialize in interesting modeling of the trigeminal electrophysiological responses from which a clinical mesoscopic model will be created, of which we can already anticipate the name: '''Index <math>\Psi</...")
07:57, 21 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Introduction to quantum-like probability in the masticatory system - en (Created page with "{{transl}} '''Figura 3''': La struttura dell'apparato sperimentale. Apparentemente, il gatto può essere contemporaneamente vivo e morto. |link=https://cantiere.masticationpedia.org//index.php/File:Schrodingers_cat.svg|alt=|left|frameless Sometimes we think: 'Can the profound reality of a system state be reduced only to a macroscopic observation (Observable) if such complex system is a set of mixed states? Furthermore, the sharing of an i...")
07:44, 21 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Complex Systems - en (Created page with "{{transl}} left|400px After the previous chapters, we should now be able to recognize that, both in modern physics and in biology, a "Complex System" is a multi-component dynamic system composed of different subsystems that typically interact with each other. Such systems are typically studied through "holistic" investigation methodologies or as "total" computation of the behaviours of the individual subsystems, together with their mut...")
07:40, 21 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page System logic - en (Created page with "{{transl}} Motor Evoked Potential of the ipsilateral Trigeminal Root |alt=|thumb|250px|left This chapter closes the loop of the 'Logic of medical language' to introduce a diagnostic model in the field of masticatory functions that combines the conceptuality of system logic with quantum mechanics. The statistical mathematical models of a system logic, therefore, cannot be subjective, nor approximate, much less vagu...")
19:13, 19 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Category:Updates (Created page with "Category:Contents")
19:12, 19 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Category:Pagine da revisionare (Created blank page)
19:12, 19 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Category:Pages used in system messages needing protection (Created blank page)
19:11, 19 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Category:References to Zhou CY (Created page with "Zhou __HIDDENCAT__")

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